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Hail is a weather phenomenon that affects agriculture and economic activities in a region. Since World War II, methods and technologies have been developed to combat this phenomenon.
Various methods have been tried over the years to reduce the impact of hailstorms, but the only one that has proven to be effective in operation over time and also safe for the environment and citizens has been and still is cloud seeding, a method that we also use in the fight against this phenomenon.
How does this method work? Many technologies have been developed, but the most important are: hail missile technology, aviation technology, ground generator technology and helium weather balloon technology. These technologies disperse silver iodide into clouds when hail is in its early stages of formation. It acts as a glaciogenic core, taking up some of the supernatant water from the hail formation area. Thus, as the number of artificial AgI nuclei that become active increases, the number of hail bells increases. However, these gratings will be smaller than they would naturally be. Small-scale hailstones will melt in the warm part of the troposphere.
The hail formed as a result of the intervention will melt and only liquid precipitation will reach the ground, or will be small enough not to cause significant damage. This approach allows us to protect agricultural land and property in hail-prone areas, helping to reduce the impact of hail on the local economy.
Drought is one of the biggest threats to agriculture, and in recent years, in the context of climate change, rainfall has decreased significantly and its distribution has become increasingly uneven. This causes considerable annual agricultural losses and endangers the food security of the population. To counteract the effects of drought, we use various active intervention techniques in the atmosphere with the ultimate goal of increasing the amount of water reaching the ground.
To limit the effects of drought, we use various active intervention techniques in the atmosphere. By dispersing certain hygroscopic materials, such as salt (NaCl) or glaciogenic materials such as silver iodide or liquid carbon dioxide, a significant change in the water droplet formation process in clouds has been observed. The introduction of these materials into certain areas of the cloud accelerates the speed of formation of large droplets and increases their concentration. All of these mechanisms produce notable results, which in the end result in more rainfall reaching the ground than would otherwise have been the case.
The results obtained experimentally using silver iodide and sodium chloride had remarkable effects, contributing both to an increase in the amount of precipitation and to a more uniform distribution of precipitation. This approach allows us to mitigate the impact of drought on agriculture and to ensure stable and sustainable agricultural production, thus helping to ensure food security for the population and gradual economic growth in this sector.